Organoboron Derivatives of Stereoregular Phenylcyclosilsesquioxanes

This study presents the synthesis of organoboron derivatives of stereoregular 4-, 6-, and 12-unit phenylcyclosilsesquioxanes. All compounds obtained were isolated in good yields (70–80 %) and were fully characterized by ¹H, ¹³C, ²⁹Si, ¹¹B NMR, IR spectroscopy, HRMS ESI, and elemental microanalysis. The structure of the key modifier, obtained for the first time, 4-(tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl) dimethylvinylsilane, was also confirmed by single-crystal XRD.     

Rapid Discrimination of Crystal Handedness by X-ray Natural Circular Dichroism (XNCD) Mapping

An original method for determining the handedness of individual non-centrosymmetric crystals in a mixture using a tightly-focused, circularly polarized X-ray beam is presented. The X-ray natural circular dichroism (XNCD) spectra recorded at the metal K-edge on selected crystals of [Δ-M(en)₃](NO₃)₂ and [Λ-M(en)₃](NO₃)₂ (M=Co^II, Ni^II) show extrema at the metal pre-edge (7712 eV for Co, 8335 eV for Ni). A mapping of a collection of some 220 crystals was performed at the respective energies by using left and right circular polarizations. The difference in absorption for the two polarizations, being either negative or positive, directly yielded the handedness of the crystal volume probed by the beam. By using this technique, it was found that the addition of l -ascorbic acid during the synthesis of [Co(en)₃](NO₃)₂ resulted in an enantiomeric enrichment of the Λ-isomer of 67±13 %, whereas the Ni analogue was similarly, but conversely, enriched in the Δ-isomer (65±22 %).     

Spatiotemporal Studies of the One-Dimensional Coordination Polymer [Fe(ebtz)2(C2H5CN)2](BF4)2: Tug of War between the Nitrile Reorientation Versus Crystal Lattice as a Tool for Tuning the Spin Crossover Properties**

Reaction of 1,2-di(tetrazol-2-yl)ethane (ebtz) with Fe(BF₄)₂⋅6 H₂O in different nitriles yields one-dimensional coordination polymers [Fe(ebtz)₂(RCN)₂](BF₄)₂⋅nRCN (n=2 for R=CH₃ ( 1 ) and n=0 for R=C₂H₅ ( 2 ) C₃H₇ ( 3 ), C₃H₅ ( 4 ), CH₂Cl ( 5 )) exhibiting spin crossover (SCO). SCO in 1 and 3 – 5 is complete and occurs above 160 K. In 2 , it is shifted to lower temperatures and is accompanied by wide hysteresis (T_1/2^↓=78 K, T_1/2^↑=123 K) and proceeds extremely slowly. Isothermal (80 K) time-resolved single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed a complex nature for the HS→LS transition in 2 . An initial, slow stage is associated with shrinkage of polymeric chains and with reduction of volume at 77 % (in relation to the difference between cell volumes V_HS−V_LS) whereas only 16 % of iron(II) ions change spin state. In the second stage, an abrupt SCO occurs, associated with breathing of the crystal lattice along the direction of the Fe–nitrile bonds, while the nitriles reorient. HS→LS switching triggered by light (808 nm) reveals the coupling of spin state and nitrile orientation. The importance of this coupling was confirmed by studies of [Fe(ebtz)₂(C₂H₅CN/C₃H₇CN)₂](BF₄)₂ mixed crystals ( 2 a , 2 b ), showing a shift of T_1/2 to higher values and narrowing of the hysteresis loop concomitant with an increase of the fraction of butyronitrile. This increase reduces the capability of nitrile molecules to reorient. Density functional theory (DFT) studies of models of 1 – 5 suggest a particular possibility of 2 to adopt a low (140–145°) value of its Fe-N-C(propionitrile) angle.     

Magnetic field as a means to identify initiating reaction in oxidation of organic substances with molecular oxygen

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Predicting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation with an automatically generated mechanism for acetylene pyrolysis

Using Reaction Mechanism Generator (RMG), we have automatically constructed a detailed mechanism for acetylene pyrolysis, which predicts formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) up to pyrene. To improve the data available for formation pathways from naphthalene to pyrene, new high‐pressure limit reaction rate coefficients and species thermochemistry were calculated using a combination of electronic structure data from the literature and new quantum calculations. Pressure‐dependent kinetics for the CH potential energy surface calculated by Zádor et al. were incorporated to ensure accurate pathways for acetylene initiation reactions. After adding these new data into the RMG database, a pressure‐dependent mechanism was generated in a single RMG simulation which captures chemistry from C to C. In general, the RMG‐generated model accurately predicts major species profiles in comparison to plug‐flow reactor data from the literature. The primary shortcoming of the model is that formation of anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene are underpredicted, and PAHs beyond pyrene are not captured. Reaction path analysis was performed for the RMG model to identify key pathways. Notable conclusions include the importance of accounting for the acetone impurity in acetylene in accurately predicting formation of odd‐carbon species, the remarkably low contribution of acetylene dimerization to vinylacetylene or diacetylene, and the dominance of the hydrogen abstraction CH addition (HACA) mechanism in the formation pathways to all PAH species in the model. This work demonstrates the improved ability of RMG to model PAH formation, while highlighting the need for more kinetics data for elementary reaction pathways to larger PAHs.     

H2SO4-H2O中硝酸铜对脱硫石膏晶须生长的影响

以处理后的脱硫石膏为原料,在H₂SO₄-H₂O体系中以Cu(NO₃)₂为晶形控制剂采用水热法制备脱硫石膏晶须,探讨了Cu(NO₃)₂对脱硫石膏晶须生长的影响机理。结果表明:Cu(NO₃)₂对脱硫石膏有明显促溶作用,其中Cu²⁺可减小溶液中各离子的活度系数,使溶液中的Ca²⁺浓度增大。NO^-₃通过静电作用在Ca²⁺周围聚集并对SO^2-₄产生屏蔽作用,导致脱硫石膏继续溶解并使Ca²⁺和SO^2-₄的浓度处于相对稳定状态,有利于半水脱硫石膏晶体的形核与生长。此外,Cu²⁺还可在晶须的生长过程中选择性吸附在晶须表面,生成CuSO₄,促进了脱硫石膏的结晶生长,最终在Cu(NO₃)₂用量为2.0%(质量分数)时制备的脱硫石膏晶须长径比约为73。     

两例相同混合配体构筑的Pb(Ⅱ)/Ag(I)配位聚合物及其荧光性质

多齿配体2-咪唑乙酸(Hima)、4,4'-连吡啶分别与金属盐Pb(NO₃)₂和AgNO₃反应,得到[Pb₂(4,4'-bipy)(ima)(NO₃)₃]_n(1, 3D framework)和[Ag₄(4, 4'-bipy)₃(ima)₂(NO₃)₂(H₂O)₂]_n(2, 3D framework)两个配位聚合物。根据配位聚合物的结构特点,研究了这两个配位聚合物荧光性质等物理化学性能。配位聚合物1在最大激发波长(λ_ex=346 nm)激发下,荧光的最大发射波长为552 nm,配位聚合物2在最大激发波长(λ_ex=369 nm)激发下,荧光的最大发射波长为444 nm。这可能是由于金属和配体之间发生了电荷转移(LMCT)。     

CRISPR-Cas12a System for Biosensing and Gene Regulation

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is a promising technology in the biological world. As one of the CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins, Cas12a is an RNA-guided nuclease in the type V CRISPR-Cas system, which has been a robust tool for gene editing. In addition, due to the discovery of target-binding-induced indiscriminate single-stranded DNase activity of Cas12a, CRISPR-Cas12a also exhibits great promise in biosensing. This minireview not only gives a brief introduction to the mechanism of CRISPR-Cas12a but also highlights the recent developments and applications in biosensing and gene regulation. Finally, future prospects of the CRISPR-Cas12a system are also discussed. We expect this minireview will inspire innovative work on the CRISPR-Cas12a system by making full use of its features and advantages.     

MCNOs/CdS双效光催化剂的制备及其性能研究

水热合成法制备了不同磁性纳米洋葱碳(MCNOs)负载量(0%、1%、3%、5%)的MCNOs/CdS光催化剂。并通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见光光谱(UV-Vis)、磁滞回线测定仪(VSM)对其进行表征,探究了MCNOs负载比例对催化剂在可见光下降解RhB性能及机理的影响。结果表明,MCNOs能有效提高CdS的光催化效果,复合3%MCNOs后降解率为96%,与纯CdS相比降解率提高了30%,磁性分析表明,其具有良好的顺磁性并能实现催化剂的有效回收。MCNOs/CdS在可见光下催化降解RhB的一级反应动力学直线有较好的拟合度,表明制备的催化剂有较好的催化活性。     

埋藏哈密翼龙化石的雅丹风化的光谱分析——以大海道2号水源地雅丹为例

新疆哈密地区翼龙化石具有极高的科学研究价值。哈密翼龙动物群主要埋藏在早白垩世湖相地层形成的雅丹中，富集在风暴沉积层。化石一旦暴露地表，就会发生不同程度的自然风化破碎，尤其是见水或受潮后风化更为严重。哈密大海道2号水源地附近的雅丹底部由于地下水和间歇性地表水的作用，发生了严重的盐碱析出导致的强烈风化现象，造成雅丹下部剥落侵蚀和上层雅丹重力坍塌，从下到上不同地层的风化程度差异较大，底部地层的风化最为剧烈。对大海道雅丹地层剖面取样，利用多种分析方法确定每一层的岩性和可溶盐种类，从微观上揭示雅丹风化的机理。偏光显微观察和X射线衍射（XRD）结果显示每一层都含有石英、长石、方解石和粘土矿物，矿物组成无较大差异，但粘土含量差别较大。精确的可溶盐种类鉴别方法，包括离子色谱（IC）确定出样品中可溶盐离子含量及种类，拉曼光谱（Raman）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）鉴别出样品中的硝酸盐和硫酸盐，扫描电子显微镜能谱仪（SEM-EDS）鉴别出氯盐、硝酸盐和硫酸盐。结果显示雅丹各风化层中最底层可溶盐主要是NaCl和Na₂SO₄，第二层是NaCl和CaCl₂，第三层是NaCl，盐种类/含量的差别是此处雅丹从下到上发生不同风化现象的重要原因。结合大海道雅丹所处的气候地理环境（极干旱高盐碱地区、水源地附近），探讨水盐活动规律并关联风化表现，分析该处雅丹风化原因，内因是每层沉积岩的岩性不同，外因是水和盐（NaCl，Na₂SO₄，CaCl₂）的共同作用下，强烈的水盐活动造成了埋藏有哈密翼龙化石的雅丹严重化学风化。这一风化机理也可很好地解释哈密翼龙化石及其围岩层受潮后的强烈风化破碎现象。